Perubahan perilaku: Aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 atau yang lebih tinggi

Seperti rilis sebelumnya, Android 15 menyertakan perubahan perilaku yang mungkin memengaruhi aplikasi Anda. Perubahan perilaku berikut ini berlaku khusus bagi aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 atau yang lebih tinggi. Jika aplikasi Anda menargetkan Android 15 atau yang lebih tinggi, Anda harus memodifikasi aplikasi untuk mendukung perilaku ini dengan benar, jika berlaku.

Pastikan Anda juga meninjau daftar perubahan perilaku yang memengaruhi semua aplikasi yang berjalan di Android 15, terlepas dari targetSdkVersion aplikasi Anda.

Fungsi inti

Android 15 mengubah atau memperluas berbagai kemampuan inti sistem Android.

Perubahan pada layanan latar depan

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

  1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
  2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
  3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
  4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 introduces a new foreground service type, mediaProcessing. This service type is appropriate for operations like transcoding media files. For example, a media app might download an audio file and need to convert it to a different format before playing it. You can use a mediaProcessing foreground service to make sure the conversion continues even while the app is in the background.

The system permits an app's mediaProcessing services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid having the exception, you can do one of the following:

  1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
  2. Make sure your app's mediaProcessing services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
  3. Only start mediaProcessing foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
  4. Instead of using a mediaProcessing foreground service, use an alternative API, like WorkManager.

If your app's mediaProcessing foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another mediaProcessing foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another mediaProcessing foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type mediaProcessing".

For more information about the mediaProcessing service type, see Changes to foreground service types for Android 15: Media processing.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable media processing timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Sebelumnya, jika memiliki izin SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW, aplikasi dapat meluncurkan layanan latar depan meskipun aplikasi saat ini berada di latar belakang (seperti yang dibahas dalam pengecualian dari pembatasan mulai latar belakang).

Jika aplikasi menargetkan Android 15, pengecualian ini kini lebih sempit. Aplikasi kini harus memiliki izin SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW dan juga memiliki jendela overlay yang terlihat. Artinya, aplikasi harus meluncurkan jendela TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY terlebih dahulu dan jendela harus terlihat sebelum Anda memulai layanan latar depan.

Jika aplikasi Anda mencoba memulai layanan latar depan dari latar belakang tanpa memenuhi persyaratan baru ini (dan tidak memiliki pengecualian lain), sistem akan menampilkan ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Jika aplikasi Anda mendeklarasikan izin SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW dan meluncurkan layanan latar depan dari latar belakang, aplikasi tersebut mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh perubahan ini. Jika aplikasi Anda mendapatkan ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, periksa urutan operasi aplikasi dan pastikan aplikasi Anda sudah memiliki jendela overlay yang aktif sebelum mencoba memulai layanan latar depan dari latar belakang. Anda dapat memeriksa apakah jendela overlay saat ini terlihat dengan memanggil View.getWindowVisibility(), atau Anda dapat mengganti View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() untuk mendapatkan notifikasi setiap kali visibilitas berubah.

Pengujian

Untuk menguji perilaku aplikasi, Anda dapat mengaktifkan pembatasan baru ini meskipun aplikasi tidak menargetkan Android 15 (selama aplikasi berjalan di perangkat Android 15). Untuk mengaktifkan pembatasan baru ini saat memulai layanan latar depan dari latar belakang, jalankan perintah adb berikut:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

Perubahan pada waktu aplikasi dapat mengubah status global mode Jangan Ganggu

Aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 (API level 35) dan yang lebih tinggi tidak dapat lagi mengubah status atau kebijakan global Jangan Ganggu (DND) di perangkat (baik dengan mengubah setelan pengguna, atau menonaktifkan mode DND). Sebagai gantinya, aplikasi harus berkontribusi pada AutomaticZenRule, yang digabungkan sistem menjadi kebijakan global dengan skema kebijakan paling ketat yang ada. Panggilan ke API yang ada yang sebelumnya memengaruhi status global (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) menghasilkan pembuatan atau pembaruan AutomaticZenRule implisit, yang diaktifkan dan dinonaktifkan bergantung pada siklus panggilan panggilan API tersebut.

Perhatikan bahwa perubahan ini hanya memengaruhi perilaku yang dapat diamati jika aplikasi memanggil setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) dan mengharapkan panggilan tersebut untuk menonaktifkan AutomaticZenRule yang sebelumnya diaktifkan oleh pemiliknya.

Perubahan API OpenJDK

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

Some of these changes can affect app compatibility for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35):

  • Changes to string formatting APIs: Validation of argument index, flags, width, and precision are now more strict when using the following String.format() and Formatter.format() APIs:

    For example, the following exception is thrown when an argument index of 0 is used (%0 in the format string):

    IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0

    In this case, the issue can be fixed by using an argument index of 1 (%1 in the format string).

  • Changes to component type of Arrays.asList(...).toArray(): When using Arrays.asList(...).toArray(), the component type of the resulting array is now an Object—not the type of the underlying array's elements. So the following code throws a ClassCastException:

    String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();

    For this case, to preserve String as the component type in the resulting array, you could use Collection.toArray(Object[]) instead:

    String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);

  • Changes to language code handling: When using the Locale API, language codes for Hebrew, Yiddish, and Indonesian are no longer converted to their obsolete forms (Hebrew: iw, Yiddish: ji, and Indonesian: in). When specifying the language code for one of these locales, use the codes from ISO 639-1 instead (Hebrew: he, Yiddish: yi, and Indonesian: id).

  • Changes to random int sequences: Following the changes made in https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574, the following Random.ints() methods now return a different sequence of numbers than the Random.nextInt() methods do:

    Generally, this change shouldn't result in app-breaking behavior, but your code shouldn't expect the sequence generated from Random.ints() methods to match Random.nextInt().

The new SequencedCollection API can affect your app's compatibility after you update compileSdk in your app's build configuration to use Android 15 (API level 35):

  • Collision with MutableList.removeFirst() and MutableList.removeLast() extension functions in kotlin-stdlib

    The List type in Java is mapped to the MutableList type in Kotlin. Because the List.removeFirst() and List.removeLast() APIs have been introduced in Android 15 (API level 35), the Kotlin compiler resolves function calls, for example list.removeFirst(), statically to the new List APIs instead of to the extension functions in kotlin-stdlib.

    If an app is re-compiled with compileSdk set to 35 and minSdk set to 34 or lower, and then the app is run on Android 14 and lower, a runtime error is thrown:

    java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;

    The existing NewApi lint option in Android Gradle Plugin can catch these new API usages.

    ./gradlew lint

MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
      list.removeFirst()

    To fix the runtime exception and lint errors, the removeFirst() and removeLast() function calls can be replaced with removeAt(0) and removeAt(list.lastIndex) respectively in Kotlin. If you're using Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 or higher, it also provides a quick fix option for these errors.

    Consider removing @SuppressLint("NewApi") and lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' } if the lint option has been disabled.

  • Collision with other methods in Java

    New methods have been added into the existing types, for example, List and Deque. These new methods might not be compatible with the methods with the same name and argument types in other interfaces and classes. In the case of a method signature collision with incompatibility, the javac compiler outputs a build-time error. For example:

    Example error 1:

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
  public void removeLast() {
              ^
  return type void is not compatible with Object
  where E is a type-variable:
    E extends Object declared in interface List

    Example error 2:

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
  both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
1 error

    Example error 3:

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
  class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
  where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
    E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
    E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
1 error

    To fix these build errors, the class implementing these interfaces should override the method with a compatible return type. For example:

    @Override
public Object getFirst() {
    return List.super.getFirst();
}

Keamanan

Android 15 menyertakan perubahan yang meningkatkan keamanan sistem untuk membantu melindungi aplikasi dan pengguna dari aplikasi berbahaya.

Versi TLS yang dibatasi

Android 15 membatasi penggunaan TLS versi 1.0 dan 1.1. Versi ini sebelumnya tidak digunakan lagi di Android, tetapi sekarang tidak diizinkan untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15.

Peluncuran aktivitas latar belakang yang diamankan

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

  • Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
  • Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
  • Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
  • Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
  • Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

Intent yang lebih aman

Android 15 memperkenalkan StrictMode untuk intent.

Untuk melihat log mendetail tentang pelanggaran penggunaan Intent, gunakan metode berikut:

Kotlin

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

Java

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

Pengalaman pengguna dan UI sistem

Android 15 mencakup beberapa perubahan yang dimaksudkan untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten dan intuitif.

Perubahan inset jendela

Ada dua perubahan yang terkait dengan inset jendela di Android 15: edge-to-edge diberlakukan secara default, dan ada juga perubahan konfigurasi, seperti konfigurasi default panel sistem.

Penerapan menyeluruh

Apps are edge-to-edge by default on devices running Android 15 if the app is targeting Android 15 (API level 35).

An app that targets Android 14 and is not edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device.


An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35) and is edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device. This app mostly uses Material 3 Compose Components that automatically apply insets. This screen is not negatively impacted by the Android 15 edge-to-edge enforcement.

This is a breaking change that might negatively impact your app's UI. The changes affect the following UI areas:

  • Gesture handle navigation bar
    • Transparent by default.
    • Bottom offset is disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
    • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are deprecated and don't affect gesture navigation.
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced continue to have no effect on gesture navigation.
  • 3-button navigation
    • Opacity set to 80% by default, with color possibly matching the window background.
    • Bottom offset disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
    • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are set to match the window background by default. The window background must be a color drawable for this default to apply. This API is deprecated but continues to affect 3-button navigation.
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced is true by default, which adds an 80% opaque background across 3-button navigation.
  • Status bar
    • Transparent by default.
    • The top offset is disabled so content draws behind the status bar unless insets are applied.
    • setStatusBarColor and R.attr#statusBarColor are deprecated and have no effect on Android 15.
    • setStatusBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced are deprecated but still have an effect on Android 15.
  • Display cutout
    • layoutInDisplayCutoutMode of non-floating windows must be LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. SHORT_EDGES, NEVER, and DEFAULT are interpreted as ALWAYS so that users don't see a black bar caused by the display cutout and appear edge-to-edge.

The following example shows an app before and after targeting Android 15 (API level 35), and before and after applying insets. This example is not comprehensive, this might appear differently on Android Auto.

An app that targets Android 14 and is not edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device.
An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35) and is edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device. However, many elements are now hidden by the status bar, 3-button navigation bar, or display cutout due to the Android 15 edge-to-edge enforcements. Hidden UI includes the Material 2 top app bar, floating action buttons, and list items.
An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35), is edge to edge on an Android 15 device and applies insets so that UI is not hidden.
What to check if your app is already edge-to-edge

If your app is already edge-to-edge and applies insets, you are mostly unimpacted, except in the following scenarios. However, even if you think you aren't impacted, we recommend you test your app.

  • You have a non-floating window, such as an Activity that uses SHORT_EDGES, NEVER or DEFAULT instead of LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. If your app crashes on launch, this might be due to your splashscreen. You can either upgrade the core splashscreen dependency to 1.2.0-alpha01 or later or set window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always.
  • There might be lower-traffic screens with occluded UI. Verify these less-visited screens don't have occluded UI. Lower-traffic screens include:
    • Onboarding or sign-in screens
    • Settings pages
What to check if your app is not already edge-to-edge

If your app is not already edge-to-edge, you are most likely impacted. In addition to the scenarios for apps that are already edge-to-edge, you should consider the following:

  • If your app uses Material 3 Components ( androidx.compose.material3) in compose, such as TopAppBar, BottomAppBar, and NavigationBar, these components are likely not impacted because they automatically handle insets.
  • If your app is using Material 2 Components ( androidx.compose.material) in Compose, these components don't automatically handle insets. However, you can get access to the insets and apply them manually. In androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 and later, use the windowInsets parameter to apply the insets manually for BottomAppBar, TopAppBar, BottomNavigation, and NavigationRail. Likewise, use the contentWindowInsets parameter for Scaffold.
  • If your app uses views and Material Components (com.google.android.material), most views-based Material Components such as BottomNavigationView, BottomAppBar, NavigationRailView, or NavigationView, handle insets and require no additional work. However, you need to add android:fitsSystemWindows="true" if using AppBarLayout.
  • For custom composables, apply the insets manually as padding. If your content is within a Scaffold, you can consume insets using the Scaffold padding values. Otherwise, apply padding using one of the WindowInsets.
  • If your app is using views and BottomSheet, SideSheet or custom containers, apply padding using ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener. For RecyclerView, apply padding using this listener and also add clipToPadding="false".
What to check if your app must offer custom background protection

If your app must offer custom background protection to 3-button navigation or the status bar, your app should place a composable or view behind the system bar using WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() to get the 3-button navigation bar height or WindowInsets.Type#statusBars.

Additional edge-to-edge resources

See the Edge to Edge Views and Edge to Edge Compose guides for additional considerations on applying insets.

Deprecated APIs

The following APIs are deprecated but not disabled:

The following APIs are deprecated and disabled:

Konfigurasi stabil

Jika aplikasi Anda menargetkan Android 15 (level API 35) atau yang lebih tinggi, Configuration tidak lagi mengecualikan kolom sistem. Jika Anda menggunakan ukuran layar di class Configuration untuk perhitungan tata letak, Anda harus menggantinya dengan alternatif yang lebih baik seperti ViewGroup, WindowInsets, atau WindowMetricsCalculator yang sesuai, bergantung pada kebutuhan Anda.

Configuration telah tersedia sejak API 1. Biasanya diperoleh dari Activity.onConfigurationChanged. Fitur ini memberikan informasi seperti kepadatan jendela, orientasi, dan ukuran. Salah satu karakteristik penting tentang ukuran jendela yang ditampilkan dari Configuration adalah bahwa sebelumnya ukuran jendela tersebut tidak menyertakan kolom sistem.

Ukuran konfigurasi biasanya digunakan untuk pemilihan resource, seperti /res/layout-h500dp, dan ini masih merupakan kasus penggunaan yang valid. Namun, penggunaannya untuk kalkulasi tata letak selalu tidak disarankan. Jika Anda melakukannya, Anda harus menjauh dari perangkat tersebut sekarang. Anda harus mengganti penggunaan Configuration dengan sesuatu yang lebih sesuai, bergantung pada kasus penggunaan Anda.

Jika Anda menggunakannya untuk menghitung tata letak, gunakan ViewGroup yang sesuai, seperti CoordinatorLayout atau ConstraintLayout. Jika Anda menggunakannya untuk menentukan tinggi navbar sistem, gunakan WindowInsets. Jika Anda ingin mengetahui ukuran jendela aplikasi saat ini, gunakan computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

Daftar berikut menjelaskan kolom yang terpengaruh oleh perubahan ini:

Atribut elegantTextHeight secara default adalah benar (true)

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable. The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing attribute.

In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.

elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) and lower.
elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 15.

Lebar TextView berubah untuk bentuk huruf yang kompleks

Pada versi Android sebelumnya, beberapa font atau bahasa kursif yang memiliki bentuk kompleks dapat menggambar huruf di area karakter sebelumnya atau berikutnya. Dalam beberapa kasus, huruf tersebut dipangkas di posisi awal atau akhir. Mulai Android 15, TextView mengalokasikan lebar untuk menggambar ruang yang cukup untuk huruf tersebut dan memungkinkan aplikasi meminta padding tambahan ke kiri untuk mencegah pemangkasan.

Karena perubahan ini memengaruhi cara TextView menentukan lebar, TextView mengalokasikan lebih banyak lebar secara default jika aplikasi menargetkan Android 15 (level API 35) atau yang lebih baru. Anda dapat mengaktifkan atau menonaktifkan perilaku ini dengan memanggil setUseBoundsForWidth API di TextView.

Karena menambahkan padding kiri dapat menyebabkan ketidaksejajaran untuk tata letak yang ada, padding tidak ditambahkan secara default bahkan untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 atau yang lebih tinggi. Namun, Anda dapat menambahkan padding tambahan untuk mencegah pemangkasan dengan memanggil setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang.

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bagaimana perubahan ini dapat meningkatkan tata letak teks untuk beberapa font dan bahasa.

Tata letak standar untuk teks bahasa Inggris dalam font kursif. Beberapa huruf terpotong. Berikut adalah XML yang sesuai:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />
Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Inggris yang sama dengan lebar dan padding tambahan. Berikut adalah XML yang sesuai:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />
Tata letak standar untuk teks Thailand. Beberapa huruf diklip. Berikut XML yang sesuai:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />
Tata letak untuk teks Thai yang sama dengan lebar dan padding tambahan. Berikut XML yang sesuai:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Tinggi baris default yang sesuai dengan lokalitas untuk EditText

Pada versi Android sebelumnya, tata letak teks meregangkan tinggi teks untuk memenuhi tinggi baris font yang cocok dengan lokalitas saat ini. Misalnya, jika konten dalam bahasa Jepang, karena tinggi baris font Jepang sedikit lebih besar dari font Latin, tinggi teks menjadi sedikit lebih besar. Namun, meskipun ada perbedaan tinggi baris ini, elemen EditText berukuran seragam, terlepas dari lokalitas yang digunakan, seperti yang diilustrasikan pada gambar berikut:

Tiga kotak yang mewakili elemen EditText yang dapat berisi teks dari bahasa Inggris (en), Jepang (ja), dan Burma (my). Tinggi EditText sama, meskipun bahasa ini memiliki tinggi baris yang berbeda satu sama lain.

Untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 (API level 35), tinggi baris minimum kini disediakan untuk EditText agar cocok dengan font referensi untuk Lokalitas yang ditentukan, seperti yang ditunjukkan pada gambar berikut:

Tiga kotak yang mewakili elemen EditText yang dapat berisi teks dari bahasa Inggris (en), Jepang (ja), dan Burma (my). Tinggi EditText kini menyertakan ruang untuk mengakomodasi tinggi baris default untuk font bahasa ini.

Jika diperlukan, aplikasi Anda dapat memulihkan perilaku sebelumnya dengan menentukan atribut useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum ke false, dan aplikasi Anda dapat menetapkan metrik vertikal minimum kustom menggunakan setMinimumFontMetrics API di Kotlin dan Java.

Kamera dan media

Android 15 membuat perubahan berikut pada perilaku kamera dan media untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 atau yang lebih tinggi.

Batasan untuk meminta fokus audio

Aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 (API level 35) harus menjadi aplikasi teratas atau menjalankan layanan latar depan untuk meminta fokus audio. Jika aplikasi mencoba meminta fokus saat tidak memenuhi salah satu persyaratan ini, panggilan akan menampilkan AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

Anda dapat mempelajari fokus audio lebih lanjut di Mengelola fokus audio.

Pembatasan non-SDK yang diperbarui

Android 15 menyertakan daftar terbaru antarmuka non-SDK yang dibatasi berdasarkan kolaborasi dengan developer Android dan pengujian internal terbaru. Jika memungkinkan, kami akan memastikan ketersediaan alternatif publik sebelum membatasi antarmuka non-SDK.

Jika aplikasi Anda tidak menargetkan Android 15, beberapa perubahan ini mungkin tidak langsung memengaruhi Anda. Namun, meskipun aplikasi Anda dapat mengakses beberapa antarmuka non-SDK bergantung pada level API target aplikasi Anda, penggunaan metode atau kolom non-SDK apa pun tetap berisiko tinggi merusak aplikasi Anda.

Jika tidak yakin apakah aplikasi Anda menggunakan antarmuka non-SDK atau tidak, Anda dapat menguji aplikasi untuk mencari tahu. Jika aplikasi Anda mengandalkan antarmuka non-SDK, sebaiknya Anda mulai merencanakan migrasi ke alternatif SDK. Namun demikian, kami memahami bahwa beberapa aplikasi memiliki kasus penggunaan yang valid untuk menggunakan antarmuka non-SDK. Jika tidak dapat menemukan alternatif penggunaan antarmuka non-SDK untuk suatu fitur dalam aplikasi Anda, sebaiknya minta API publik baru.

Untuk mempelajari perubahan dalam rilis Android ini lebih lanjut, baca Pembaruan pembatasan antarmuka non-SDK di Android 15. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut antarmuka non-SDK secara umum, baca Pembatasan antarmuka non-SDK.