Perubahan perilaku: Aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17 atau yang lebih tinggi

Seperti rilis sebelumnya, Android 17 menyertakan perubahan perilaku yang mungkin memengaruhi aplikasi Anda. Perubahan perilaku berikut ini berlaku khusus bagi aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17 atau yang lebih tinggi. Jika aplikasi Anda menargetkan Android 17 atau yang lebih tinggi, Anda harus memodifikasi aplikasi untuk mendukung perilaku ini, jika berlaku.

Pastikan Anda juga meninjau daftar perubahan perilaku yang memengaruhi semua aplikasi yang berjalan di Android 17, terlepas dari targetSdkVersion aplikasi Anda.

Fungsi inti

Android 17 mencakup perubahan berikut yang mengubah atau memperluas berbagai kemampuan inti sistem Android.

Implementasi MessageQueue baru tanpa kunci

Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue private fields and methods.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.

Kolom akhir statis kini tidak dapat diubah

Aplikasi yang berjalan di Android 17 atau yang lebih tinggi yang menargetkan Android 17 (level API 37) atau yang lebih tinggi tidak dapat mengubah kolom static final. Jika aplikasi mencoba mengubah kolom static final menggunakan refleksi, aplikasi tersebut akan menyebabkan IllegalAccessException. Mencoba mengubah salah satu kolom ini melalui API JNI (seperti SetStaticLongField()) akan menyebabkan aplikasi error.

Aksesibilitas

Android 17 melakukan perubahan berikut untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas.

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.
Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).
Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

Privasi

Android 17 menyertakan perubahan berikut untuk meningkatkan privasi pengguna.

ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) diaktifkan secara oportunistik

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is opportunistically used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the connection automatically falls back to a standard TLS handshake without SNI encryption.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "opportunistic", "enabled", or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

Izin jaringan lokal diperlukan untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

Menyembunyikan sandi dari perangkat fisik

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

Keamanan

Android 17 melakukan peningkatan berikut pada keamanan perangkat dan aplikasi.

Keamanan Aktivitas

In Android 17, the platform continues its shift toward a "secure-by-default" architecture, introducing a suite of enhancements designed to mitigate high-severity exploits such as phishing, interaction hijacking, and confused deputy attacks. This update requires developers to explicitly opt in to new security standards to maintain app compatibility and user protection.

Key impacts for developers include:

BAL hardening & improved opt-in: We are refining Background Activity Launch (BAL) restrictions by extending protections to IntentSender. Developers must migrate away from the legacy MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED constant. Instead, you should adopt granular controls like MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE, which restricts activity starts to scenarios where the calling app is visible, significantly reducing the attack surface.
Adoption tools: Developers should utilize strict mode and updated lint checks to identify legacy patterns and ensure readiness for future target SDK requirements.

Mengaktifkan CT secara default

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

DCL Native yang Lebih Aman—C

Jika aplikasi Anda menargetkan Android 17 (API level 37) atau yang lebih tinggi, perlindungan Pemuatan Kode Dinamis (DCL) yang Lebih Aman yang diperkenalkan di Android 14 untuk file DEX dan JAR kini diperluas ke library native.

Semua file native yang dimuat menggunakan System.load() harus ditandai sebagai hanya baca. Jika tidak, sistem akan menampilkan UnsatisfiedLinkError.

Sebaiknya aplikasi menghindari pemuatan kode secara dinamis jika memungkinkan, karena hal itu akan sangat meningkatkan risiko aplikasi disusupi oleh injeksi kode atau modifikasi kode.

Membatasi kolom PII dalam tampilan data CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) restricts certain columns containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from the data view. When this change is enabled, these columns are removed from the data view to enhance user privacy. The restricted columns include:

Apps that are using these columns from ContactsContract.Data can extract them from ContactsContract.RawContacts instead, by joining with RAW_CONTACT_ID.

Menerapkan pemeriksaan SQL yang ketat di CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) enforces strict SQL query validation when the ContactsContract.Data table is accessed without READ_CONTACTS permission.

With this change, if an app doesn't have READ_CONTACTS permission, StrictColumns and StrictGrammar options are set when querying the ContactsContract.Data table. If a query uses a pattern that isn't compatible with these, it will be rejected and cause an exception to be thrown.

Faktor bentuk perangkat

Android 17 menyertakan perubahan berikut untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna di berbagai ukuran dan faktor bentuk perangkat.

Perubahan API platform untuk mengabaikan batasan orientasi, perubahan ukuran, dan rasio aspek di layar besar (sw>=600dp)

Kami memperkenalkan perubahan Platform API di Android 16 untuk mengabaikan batasan orientasi, rasio aspek, dan perubahan ukuran di layar besar (sw >= 600dp) untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan level API 36 atau yang lebih tinggi. Developer memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan perubahan ini dengan SDK 36, tetapi penonaktifan ini tidak akan lagi tersedia untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17 (API level 37) atau yang lebih tinggi.

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Pembatasan pada orientasi dan pengubahan ukuran diabaikan.