A preservação de estado e o armazenamento permanente são aspectos não triviais dos apps de tinta digital, especialmente no Compose. Os objetos de dados principais, como propriedades de pincel e os pontos que formam um traço, são complexos e não são mantidos automaticamente. Isso exige uma estratégia deliberada para salvar o estado durante cenários como mudanças de configuração e salvar permanentemente os desenhos de um usuário em um banco de dados.
Preservação de estado
No Jetpack Compose, o estado da interface é gerenciado usando
remember
e
rememberSaveable.
Embora o
rememberSaveable
ofereça preservação automática de estado em mudanças de configuração, os recursos integrados dele
são limitados a tipos de dados primitivos e objetos que implementam
Parcelable ou
Serializable.
Para objetos personalizados que contêm propriedades complexas, como
Brush, é necessário definir mecanismos explícitos de
serialização e desserialização usando um salvador de estado personalizado. Ao definir um Saver personalizado para o objeto Brush, é possível preservar os atributos essenciais do pincel quando ocorrem mudanças de configuração, conforme mostrado no exemplo de brushStateSaver a seguir.
fun brushStateSaver(converters: Converters): Saver<MutableState<Brush>, SerializedBrush> = Saver(
save = { converters.serializeBrush(it.value) },
restore = { mutableStateOf(converters.deserializeBrush(it)) },
)
Em seguida, use o Saver personalizado para
preservar o estado do pincel selecionado:
val currentBrush = rememberSaveable(saver = brushStateSaver(Converters())) { mutableStateOf(defaultBrush) }
Armazenamento permanente
To enable features such as document saving, loading, and potential real-time collaboration, store strokes and associated data in a serialized format. For the Ink API, manual serialization and deserialization are necessary.
To accurately restore a stroke, save its Brush and StrokeInputBatch.
Brush: Includes numeric fields (size, epsilon), color, andBrushFamily.StrokeInputBatch: A list of input points with numeric fields.
The Storage module simplifies compactly serializing the most complex part: the
StrokeInputBatch.
To save a stroke:
- Serialize the
StrokeInputBatchusing the storage module's encode function. Store the resulting binary data. - Separately save the essential properties of the stroke's Brush:
- The enum that represents the brush family &mdash Although the instance can be serialized, this is not efficient for apps that use a limited selection of brush families
colorLongsizeepsilon
fun serializeStroke(stroke: Stroke): SerializedStroke {
val serializedBrush = serializeBrush(stroke.brush)
val encodedSerializedInputs = ByteArrayOutputStream().use
{
stroke.inputs.encode(it)
it.toByteArray()
}
return SerializedStroke(
inputs = encodedSerializedInputs,
brush = serializedBrush
)
}
To load a stroke object:
- Retrieve the saved binary data for the
StrokeInputBatchand deserialize it using the storage module's decode() function. - Retrieve the saved
Brushproperties and create the brush. Create the final stroke using the recreated brush and the deserialized
StrokeInputBatch.fun deserializeStroke(serializedStroke: SerializedStroke): Stroke { val inputs = ByteArrayInputStream(serializedStroke.inputs).use { StrokeInputBatch.decode(it) } val brush = deserializeBrush(serializedStroke.brush) return Stroke(brush = brush, inputs = inputs) }
Handle zoom, pan, and rotation
If your app supports zooming, panning, or rotation, you must provide the current
transformation to InProgressStrokes. This helps newly drawn strokes match the
position and scale of your existing strokes.
You do this by passing a Matrix to the pointerEventToWorldTransform
parameter. The matrix should represent the inverse of the transformation you
apply to your finished strokes canvas.
@Composable
fun ZoomableDrawingScreen(...) {
// 1. Manage your zoom/pan state (e.g., using detectTransformGestures).
var zoom by remember { mutableStateOf(1f) }
var pan by remember { mutableStateOf(Offset.Zero) }
// 2. Create the Matrix.
val pointerEventToWorldTransform = remember(zoom, pan) {
android.graphics.Matrix().apply {
// Apply the inverse of your rendering transforms
postTranslate(-pan.x, -pan.y)
postScale(1 / zoom, 1 / zoom)
}
}
Box(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()) {
// ...Your finished strokes Canvas, with regular transform applied
// 3. Pass the matrix to InProgressStrokes.
InProgressStrokes(
modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
pointerEventToWorldTransform = pointerEventToWorldTransform,
defaultBrush = currentBrush,
nextBrush = onGetNextBrush,
onStrokesFinished = onStrokesFinished
)
}
}
Export strokes
Talvez seja necessário exportar a cena de traço como um arquivo de imagem estática. Isso é útil para compartilhar o desenho com outros aplicativos, gerar miniaturas ou salvar uma versão final e não editável do conteúdo.
Para exportar uma cena, renderize os traços em um bitmap fora da tela em vez de
diretamente na tela. Use o
Android's Picture API, que permite gravar desenhos em uma tela sem
precisar de um componente de interface visível.
O processo envolve criar uma instância Picture, chamar beginRecording() para receber um Canvas e usar o CanvasStrokeRenderer atual para desenhar cada traço nesse Canvas. Depois de gravar todos os comandos de desenho, você
pode usar o Picture para criar um Bitmap,
que pode ser compactado e salvo em um arquivo.
fun exportDocumentAsImage() {
val picture = Picture()
val canvas = picture.beginRecording(bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight)
// The following is similar logic that you'd use in your custom View.onDraw or Compose Canvas.
for (item in myDocument) {
when (item) {
is Stroke -> {
canvasStrokeRenderer.draw(canvas, stroke, worldToScreenTransform)
}
// Draw your other types of items to the canvas.
}
}
// Create a Bitmap from the Picture and write it to a file.
val bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(picture)
val outstream = FileOutputStream(filename)
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, outstream)
}
Data object and converter helpers
Define a serialization object structure that mirrors needed Ink API objects.
Use the Ink API's storage module to encode and decode StrokeInputBatch.
Data transfer objects
@Parcelize
@Serializable
data class SerializedStroke(
val inputs: ByteArray,
val brush: SerializedBrush
) : Parcelable {
override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
if (this === other) return true
if (other !is SerializedStroke) return false
if (!inputs.contentEquals(other.inputs)) return false
if (brush != other.brush) return false
return true
}
override fun hashCode(): Int {
var result = inputs.contentHashCode()
result = 31 * result + brush.hashCode()
return result
}
}
@Parcelize
@Serializable
data class SerializedBrush(
val size: Float,
val color: Long,
val epsilon: Float,
val stockBrush: SerializedStockBrush,
val clientBrushFamilyId: String? = null
) : Parcelable
enum class SerializedStockBrush {
Marker,
PressurePen,
Highlighter,
DashedLine,
}
Converters
object Converters {
private val stockBrushToEnumValues = mapOf(
StockBrushes.marker() to SerializedStockBrush.Marker,
StockBrushes.pressurePen() to SerializedStockBrush.PressurePen,
StockBrushes.highlighter() to SerializedStockBrush.Highlighter,
StockBrushes.dashedLine() to SerializedStockBrush.DashedLine,
)
private val enumToStockBrush =
stockBrushToEnumValues.entries.associate { (key, value) -> value to key
}
private fun serializeBrush(brush: Brush): SerializedBrush {
return SerializedBrush(
size = brush.size,
color = brush.colorLong,
epsilon = brush.epsilon,
stockBrush = stockBrushToEnumValues[brush.family] ?: SerializedStockBrush.Marker,
)
}
fun serializeStroke(stroke: Stroke): SerializedStroke {
val serializedBrush = serializeBrush(stroke.brush)
val encodedSerializedInputs = ByteArrayOutputStream().use { outputStream ->
stroke.inputs.encode(outputStream)
outputStream.toByteArray()
}
return SerializedStroke(
inputs = encodedSerializedInputs,
brush = serializedBrush
)
}
private fun deserializeStroke(
serializedStroke: SerializedStroke,
): Stroke? {
val inputs = ByteArrayInputStream(serializedStroke.inputs).use { inputStream ->
StrokeInputBatch.decode(inputStream)
}
val brush = deserializeBrush(serializedStroke.brush, customBrushes)
return Stroke(brush = brush, inputs = inputs)
}
private fun deserializeBrush(
serializedBrush: SerializedBrush,
): Brush {
val stockBrushFamily = enumToStockBrush[serializedBrush.stockBrush]
val brushFamily = customBrush?.brushFamily ?: stockBrushFamily ?: StockBrushes.marker()
return Brush.createWithColorLong(
family = brushFamily,
colorLong = serializedBrush.color,
size = serializedBrush.size,
epsilon = serializedBrush.epsilon,
)
}
}